Архитектурно-градостроительное обоснование организации общественного пространства многофункциональных жилых комплексов в условиях Крайнего Севера

The Arctic is a single physical and geographical area of the Earth adjacent to the North Pole and including the outskirts of the continents of Eurasia and North America, almost the entire Arctic Ocean with islands (except for the coastal islands of Norway), as well as adjacent parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The southern border of the Arctic coincides with the southern border of the tundra zone. The area is about 27 million km2; sometimes the Arctic is bounded from the south by the Arctic Circle (66° 33' s), in this case its area is 21 million km2. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) is the northern tip of the European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation, located along the coast of the Arctic Ocean seas: Barents, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian and Chukchi. This is the longest maritime border of Russia. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of public spaces of crypto-climatic complexes. Public spaces of crypto-climatic complexes in the Arctic are formed under the influence of many factors: climatic, geographical, physical, social, medical, psychological and demographic. These factors determine the nature of the development, the shape of buildings, the principles of life support, the internal structure and maintenance of objects. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of public spaces in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. The article suggests: to analyze, systematize, highlight the design, functional and spatial planning features. Based on the results of the study, a summary classification of the typology of public spaces of crypto-climatic complexes in the Arctic, modern and international experience of their construction is given.