Basic model of a prototypical purpose. Semantic constants

The article deals with identifying semantic constants of the category of purpose and, on their basis, modeling prototypical situations (filters) that condition qualifying the lingual variant as а fully-fledged member of the category of purpose and differentiate ‘purpose' from other more or less close meanings, including cases of semantic ambiguity of a syntactic construction in connection with the phenomena of semantic diffuseness. The research aim is achieved using the methods of linguistic material analysis based on the linguistic experiment (observation and statistics) and structural-semantic transformations of linguistic variants. The author considers important determining the invariant features of the semantic category of purpose, which would justify categorization of linguistic phenomena as containing the meaning of purpose and would contribute to the recognition of the semantics of purpose in the terms of conversational discourse. During the experiment, we managed to identify the semantic constants of the category of purpose, including subjectivity, desirability, intentionality and meaningfulness. Resortingto the methods of linguistic analysis and comparison of linguistic phenomena, we determined the prototypical characteristics of each constant. Based on these, the author managed to construct a basic model of purpose categorization as a complex of prototypical situations - conditions that ensure the development of the semantics of purpose and its recognition by communicants in free-flow dialogs. We substantiated its consistency when establishing the semantic status of semantically ambiguous syntactic structures.