Safety and tolerability of different protocols of high-frequency rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation

Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive method for brain stimulation, widely used in the treatment of various diseases and in research. In this regard, the problems of rTMS safety and tolerability are becoming especially relevant. Most studies describe only serious side effects of rTMS, which, in fact, are extremely rare. Other side effects which affect rTMS tolerability have been studied to a much lesser extent. The objective of the study is to examine all side effects which occur during and after rTMS sessions through prospective open observation of patients and healthy volunteers. Materials and Methods. Using standardized questionnaires, the authors analyzed the incidence of side effects during high-frequency rTMS and within 24 hours after the procedure in 51 patients with various diseases of the nervous system and in 11 healthy volunteers. Results. The overall frequency of side effects was 59.5 % during stimulation and 50.2 % within 24 hours after the procedure...