Biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: diagnostic and prognostic value. Part 1

The morbidity and mortality rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been growing rapidly in the recent years, causing a significant socio-economic damage. The cardiospecific biomarkers play an important role in the diagnosis and prediction of AMI. The purpose of this review is to summarize the information about the main existing cardiac biomarkers and their diagnostic and prognostic value for patients with AMI. The currently existing cardiac biomarkers of AMI may be divided into several groups: biomarkers of necrosis and ischemia of cardiomyocytes, neuroendocrine biomarkers, inflammatory biomarkers, as well as a number of new AMI biomarkers, the diagnostic value of which is still poorly understood in AMI. In the first part of the review, we discuss the diagnostic and prognostic value of the biomarkers of myocardial necrosis and ischemia (aspartate aminotransferase; creatine phosphokinase and its isoform MB; cardiac troponins; myoglobin; BB-isoform of glycogen phosphorylase; ischemia-modified albumin; cardiac protein binding fatty acids) and neuroendocrine biomarkers of AMI (natriuretic peptides; adrenomedulline; copeptin, catestatin; components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system).