Biomarkers in bone metastases of breast cancer: individualization of treatment approaches

Bones are the most frequent site of metastasis of most solid tumors (especially breast cancer and prostate cancer). Pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, bone pain, hypercalcemia may appear as a result of the development of bone metastases. There are certain recommendations for the treatment of bone metastases, such as the use of bisphosphonates and antiRANKL antibodies (denosumab), which increases patient survival. However, there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers indicating the risk of bone metastasis in patients. Recently, interest has focused on the role of epigenetic regulators of tumor-bone microenvironment interaction, in particular, micro-RNA in bone metastases, and their potential role as circulating markers of bone metastasis.