Биомеханические модели живой ткани

Автор: Брацун Д.А., Красняков И.В., Брацун А.Д.

Журнал: Российский журнал биомеханики @journal-biomech

Статья в выпуске: 4 (102) т.27, 2023 года.

Бесплатный доступ

Эволюция живого привела к появлению многоклеточных организмов, в которых клетки дифференцируются, специализируясь на выполнении различных функций. Взаимодействуя друг с другом, клетки объединяются в большие группы, формируя ткани организма, и передают функцию управления над собой вышестоящему органу. Такое образование может рассматриваться как сложная биомеханическая система структурных единиц, управляемая химическими сигналами. Развитие компьютерных технологий и быстродействующих вычислительных систем привело к тому, что возникли условия для реалистичного моделирования биомеханики клеточной ткани, в рамках которой воспроизводится как осредненная динамика ткани, так и поведение каждой отдельной клетки. Математическое моделирование позволяет исследовать исторические аспекты эволюции живого, описать морфогенез конкретных организмов, понять процессы заживления в органах при их повреждении, изучить развитие опухолей, помочь в развитии технологии искусственного выращивания тканей. В данной работе представлен обзор работ, посвященных математическим моделям многоклеточной ткани живых организмов. При этом внимание сфокусировано на тех моделях, в которых клетка выделена как структурная единица сложной системы. Биомеханические модели классифицированы по способу задания ткани, по методу конструирования клеток, по размерности формируемой клетками ткани. Обсуждаются силы взаимодействия между клетками, а также топологические перестройки в ткани при интенсивном движении клеток. Рассмотрены результаты некоторых прикладных исследований, в которых было использовано компьютерное моделирование на основе предложенных моделей.

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Моделирование живой ткани, межклеточные взаимодействия, модели сплошной среды, вершинные модели

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/146282798

IDR: 146282798   |   DOI: 10.15593/RZhBiomeh/2023.4.04

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