The value of childhood in V. A. Sukhomlinsky's pedagogical heritage: a cultural approach (to the 50th anniversary of the teacher's death)

The article considers certain pedagogical ideas of V. A. Sukhomlinsky within the framework of the cultural approach, which implies the positioning of education as a cultural process, which corresponds to modern tasks and problems of science and education. His thoughts were of great importance in the development of the basic values of the socializing function of parenting style on the way to help (according to the concept of Lloyd deMause), the crown of which was the recognition of childhood as values, rights of the child Convention of the rights of the child. V. A. Sukhomlinsky was guided by the principles of humanism and humanity, values each child, although it was based on collectivist forms and methods of work. The author analyzes the great teacher’s understanding of the phenomenon of childhood, its quantitative and qualitative characteristics, the role of responsibility and its absence in the formation of substitute and ersatz relationships, as well as the semiotic component in the process of the “teacher - pupil” relationship. V. A. Sukhomlinsky taught children the basics of nonverbal communication through the semantics of color. He emphasized that the operation of the sign-symbol system is always bi-directional, and the teacher must receive and decode the response from children. The productivity of the latter determines the effectiveness of the learning process and assimilation of the material, as well as determines the level of trust between the teacher and pupils.