German and Russian particles in exclamatary sentences

The article considers exclamatary sentences of the German and Russian languages containing particles. The main task is to describe particles and their groupings in German and Russian in exclamatary sentences. The research materials were examples selected from the German DWDS and DEWAC 16A corpora, as well as their national corpus of the Russian language. The choice of this topic is explained by the fact that, firstly, particles cannot be interpreted out of context, their meaning can be revealed only in syntagmatics, secondly, each type of sentence for the purpose of utterance (motivational, exclamation, etc.) has its own spectrum of particles, and, thirdly, correspondences between particles in German and Russian, it is possible to pick up only at the level of the sentence. The analysis of the factual material was carried out by using the method of contextual analysis and the comparative method. It is shown that correspondences in languages should be sought at the level of the type of utterance: there is a certain set of particles characteristic of the expression of surprise and exclamation containing evaluative markers. The expression of surprise in German can be conveyed in sentences with particles ja, aber, vielleicht, nur, in Russian - in sentences with particles nu i, čto za. Exclamatary sentences with evaluation markers contain the particle doch and the pronoun mir in the particle function. In Russian, the same semantics is conveyed in statements with particles mne and že. Attention is drawn to the peculiarity of exclamatary sentences with particles and their correlation with the speaker: statements of this type always reflect the speaker's position. Exclamatary statements with particles are emotive and often contain words with evaluation semantics.