“The fourth industrial revolution” by K. Schwab in the context of O. Cochin’s study “The little people and the French revolution”

The article attempts to consider the “digital revolution” in the context of O. Cochin’s research and using his method. O. Cochin identifies two approaches to the study of the phenomenon of revolutions - an object-free one based on the thesis of “circumstances” and a subject one introducing the thesis of “small people”. Each of the approaches is a source-based filter, creates its own paradigm-theoretical field, thereby predetermining the results of the study. The choice of one or another field is determined by the will of the researcher. An attempt is made to identify two similar approaches, and, as a result, the emergence of two opposite paradigms for the study of the digital revolution with its strategy of “zeroing out” civilization. It is shown that being in the paradigmatic field of the “thesis of circumstances” makes us ignore the subjective factor of history and hides the true subject of the revolution. The paradigmatic space of the thesis of “small people”, “inversely oriented” in relation to the big people, is based on the identification of the subjective factor of history and leads researchers to the inevitability of entering the theory of anti-systems of L.N. Gumilev.