Cyber-resilient Routing for Internet of Vehicles Networks During Black Hole Attack

The ever need for transportation safety, faster and convenient travel, decrease in energy consumption, as well as inter-connectivity has led to the field of intelligent transportation system (ITS). At the core of ITS is the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) combining hardware/sensors, software, and network technologies. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) create mechanisms to connect IoV main elements, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Sensors (V2S). ITS systems heavily rely on its network connecting different parts of its infrastructure and ensuring data exchanges. However, VANET security is one of the primary challenges faced by connected vehicles. In IoV, the network is accessed by a variety device making the system vulnerable to a multitude of malicious attacks, including distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) and black hole attacks. Since critical vehicle systems can be accessed remotely, successful attacks can lead to fatalities. In VANET, any node can function as a router for the other nodes, therefore a malicious node connected to the network may inject spoofed routing tables to the other nodes thereby affecting the operation of the entire network. To overcome this issue, we proposed a security scheme designed to improve routing protocols in the detection of black hole attack. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a Network Simulator (NS3.27) using different network parameters such as average packet loss rate, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR) and network yield. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed method adds 10-15% improvement (on average) in End-to-End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Packet Loss Rate and Network Yield as compared with conventional Greedy Parameter Stateless Routing and Path Aware Greedy Parameter Stateless Routing under the black hole attack.