Deferentitis and funiculitis: classification, clinical picture and diagnostics (literature review)

Deferentitis and funiculitis belong to the poorly studied or understood by a wide range of radiologists, surgeons and urologists diseases. They are often observed in men of reproductive age, for these diseases may be complicated excretory form of male infertility. Currently, we can distinguish 4 groups of inflammatory diseases of the vas deferens and the spermatic cord, occurring in clinical practice: an autoimmune deferentitis and funiculitis, primary infection (surgical) funiculitis, secondary infectious (urology) deferentitis and endemic funiculitis. In the literature review covers the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical picture and diagnosis of each of these forms of deferentitis and funiculitis. Deferentitis and funiculitis can cause considerable diagnostic difficulties, simulating different tumor, acute surgical and urological diseases. Deferentitis and funiculitis must be differentiated from strangulated inguinal hernia and acute diseases of the scrotum (acute epididymitis and testicular torsion); hematoma, thrombosis, and tumor of the spermatic cord; with osteomyelitis pubic bone and symphysis. In the differential diagnosis of various forms of deferentitis and funiculitis used high-resolution ultrasound examination, supplemented by Doppler ultrasonography, CT and magnetic resonance imaging, conventional x-ray examinations. The treatment of various types and forms of deferentitis and funiculitis includes a variety of conservative anti-inflammatory activities and surgery. For purulent forms of deferentitis and funiculitis may be complicated by sepsis and lethal outcome. Many aspects of clinical and x-ray diagnostics of these diseases needs further study.