Development of an algorithm for making management decisions based on situational analysis

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА АУТСОРСИНГА БУХГАЛТЕРСКИХ УСЛУГ. ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИИ УЧЕТНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

Д. А. Попова

Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации

Россия, 450015 г. Уфа, ул. Мустая Карима, 69/1

The market of passenger air transportation is a dynamically developing industry in which the price struggle of competitors and government regulation takes place. For the effective development of the airline, it is necessary to react quickly and in an organized manner to changes in the current market situation, and therefore correctly apply the tools of situational analysis.

The decision-making process in the aviation industry is complicated by a number of specific features. For the development of a management decision, the leadership of airlines must first consider the regulatory framework. The activities of airlines in the Russian Federation are regulated by: the Air Code of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Air Transport Agency. International air traffic is regulated by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Organization for International Aviation (IAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA) air traffic association. They have a tight boundaries between airlines in pricing, environmental policies and regulate market segmentation. Along with this, the state and international associations subsidize and apply various benefits for the development of the passenger airline industry. When making strategic management decisions, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for safety (TARA, ICAO, IOSA standards) and environmental friendliness of the flight (air emissions, aircraft noise), which greatly complicates the process of development and adoption [2].

To make the decision-making process less labor-intensive, let us consider schematically the algorithm for making a management decision [1] in air travel, (shown in Figure 1).

A distinctive feature of decision making in air transportation is the presence of legislative constraints, as well as the need to comply with safety and environmental regulations. At the stage of goal setting, it is necessary to answer the key question: is there a deviation from the intended plan to achieve the goal? If deviations do not affect the objectives of the airline, it is recommended to proceed to monitoring the implementation of existing events. In the case when deviations affect the achievement of the company's goal, it is necessary to diagnose deviations and identify the problem. To determine the factors that affect the achievement of the goal, it is recommended to conduct a situational analysis. The main features of the situation analysis are:

– express analysis;

– uses universal technology, methods, techniques that are

Figure 1. Management decision making algorithm

not only for one-time one-time decision-making situation, but also for a whole class of situations;

– allocation of key factors that affected the situation;

– research of natural indicators.

Situational analysis includes the analysis of three groups of factors: macroenvironment, microenvironment and internal factors. The best tools for implementation are the methods discussed in Table 1.

After analyzing the microenvironment, the macroenvironment and the internal environment of the airline, it is necessary to evaluate whether there is enough information for further comprehensive research. If there is not enough information, then it is necessary to correct the information base. If there is enough information, then an initial SWOT table is formed based on the results of the three types of analysis performed. Since the main disadvantage of the SWOT analysis is its subjectivity and the lack of a quantitative evidence base, it is advisable to apply quantitative filters for each table parameter. According

Table 1

Characteristics of the methods of situational analysis

to the results of a comprehensive analysis, the TOWS-matrix is formed (this is an acre of the same words, which are used for the SWOT word, which means internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization, as well as external forces and threats, which is encountered by the ad). restrictions. Next, go to the stage of choosing the best solution. The best solution must comply with environmental regulations and safety standards, in case of non-compliance with this requirement, you must return to the development of solutions. After choosing the optimal solution, steps such as making and implementing a decision follow. The result of the decision is also affected by the loss in the execution of activities.

Losses can be associated with both human and technical factors, but they directly affect the result. If, as a result of the assessment, deviations from the intended targets are significant, the process begins anew. If the deviations are not significant, then go to the final stage – monitoring the implementation of activities. This algorithm of the management decision-making process clearly illustrates the place and role of the situational analysis in the development of a management decision, and also shows the specific feature of this market segment. Practical use of the proposed algorithm is possible in the sectors of the aviation business: passenger air transportation, cargo transportation, helicopter segment.