Dynamic processes in social relations semantization (based on the English language research)

The current paper offers a linguistic-historic investigation of the lexemes denoting “community of people” carried out both synchronically and diachronically. Language scholars list modern trends in linguistics and focus on a variety of aspects of the language study, the language as a tool for creating, developing and preserving the cultural heritage while the culture in a wide sense serves to mould the language categories and their further representation in the language. Having selected the word as a structural semantic unit linked to the other units, elements of the lexicon, to make up a hierarchal structure, there has been made a comparative historic research based on lexicography sources and written texts representing three periods in the history of the English language. If evolution can be interpreting change as progress towards a goal, language evolution can be seen as a progress towards standard English. Language evolution goes all the way from the homogeneous dialect to the literary form. Due to uniformity of the linguistic links every language fact has been studied according to general objective rules and regulations. The vast corpus of the texts and dictionaries helped to interpret the actual environment the communities of people had been living over the centuries. The bygone past is seen through the eyes of the people, their language, customs and traditions perceived as culture and modeled with the help of the language in use. The language study in dynamics as a steady process with various linguistics facts compared against an external scope and range of events, allows to come to more accurate conclusions on the language history and transformations.