Dynamics of teacher functions in Russian pedagogy of the XX-XXI centuries

The article discusses the dynamics of the teacher's functions in the period of the 19th - the first quarter of the 21st centuries. At the beginning of the article, a comparative analysis of the concepts of "teacher" and "mentor" is given. The following are the factors influencing the change in the functions of Russian teachers in different historical periods. These changes are associated with modernization waves in Russian education and are methodologically substantiated by the sociocultural approach. As a result, it is revealed that throughout history the functionality of Russian teachers has been expanding to a large extent from teaching to creating conditions for the successful positive socialization of students.