Dynamics of changing in yield qualities of sunflower variety seeds during production of foundation and certified seeds

The researches were conducted at the central experimental base of the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S. The purpose of the research was studying principles of changing in general economically useful traits of sunflower varieties during their reproduction in nurseries of foundation and certified seeds cultivation on all stages of production. Stability of yield qualities was estimated by analysis of seeds progenies grown in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Seeds of the different reproductions of oil varieties Buzuluk, R-453, SUR and large-seeded ones SPK, Lakomka, Oreshek, produced in the central zone of the Krasnodar region were used in research. Estimation of yield qualities of seeds in progeny was conducted on plots with a size 24.5 sq. m, accounting - 12.2 sq. m, in three replications in 2015-2016. Oil content in seeds was determined by a method of nuclear-magnetic resonance on NMR-analyzer AMV-1006M due to the State Standard R 8.620-2006, 1000 seeds weight - due to the State Standard 12042-80. The obtained results were treated by a method of dispersion analysis. The progeny of seeds of sunflower oil varieties Buzuluk and R-453 was differed with a significant variation in general economically useful trait on years in all stages of seeds production from original to certified ones. Progeny of seeds of the confectionary varieties SPK, Lakomka, Oreshek produced in the different years was differed primarily by duration of a period seedling appearance - flowering and plant weight. Changing of these traits in the variety Oreshek started at the stage of superelite seeds reproduction, in the variety Lakomka - at the stage of elite seeds cultivation, and in the variety SPK - in progenies of certified seeds. The variety SUR was stable on economically useful traits on all stages of seeds reproduction. The most important changes in population structure of the varieties Buzuluk, R-453, SPK, Lakomka and Oreshek were noted at the multiplication stage from elite to certified seeds. This is proved by a progressiveness of a system of annual renewing of certified seeds of sunflower varieties developed at All-Russian research institute of oil crops by academician Pustovoit V.S. and involving seeds not less the first reproduction for sowing.