Discussion as one of the methods of formation of speaking skills in English lessons

Today, due to the development of information technologies and science in Uzbekistan, much attention is paid to the study of foreign languages. The study of English as a language for international negotiations and cooperation and a means for free use of the achievements of civilization is particularly highlighted. As a result of the large-scale reforms carried out at all stages of English language teaching, from pre-school to postgraduate education, the criteria for knowledge, training, and assessment were established taking into account national characteristics and the CEFR system was introduced. In this regard, we have made the transition to new educational standards, created new textbooks and training programs that meet modern requirements.

Thus, for - education bachelor's degree in philology, taking into account national characteristics, the degree of preparation and knowledge of the English language must reach the level of B2+ in the first year. As practice and personal experience of teaching shows, the existing problems in learning to speak are one of the main reasons that make it difficult to communicate in English. In this regard, the study of the causes of difficulties and ways to overcome them in teaching the skill of speaking English is relevant. In this article, we will discuss the formation of speech skills and abilities and ways to overcome the difficulties that pupils face when learning the skill of speaking in English classes.

Also, we consider ways to develop speaking skills for pupils of philological direction through the method of "discussion". As many researchers note, speaking skills are one of the main components in teaching English, which is considered a productive type of speech activity, through which oral verbal communication is carried out. The purpose of teaching speaking is to develop pupils' communicative skills such as:

• -    understanding of a foreign language utterance in accordance with a specific communication situation, speech task or communicative intention;

• -    implementation of speech behaviors taking into account the understanding of national and cultural characteristics of the English language. To implement the above skills, classes in English should be aimed not only at mastering phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, stylistics and other aspects of the language, but also at forming language skills and developing speech skills.

Therefore, classes should be based not only on the theory of language knowledge, but also should be modeled in the conditions of speech practice, contributing to the development and development of speech skills. But as practice shows, in teaching the skill of speaking, teachers face some difficulties, since speaking is interpreted as a complex integrated skill. there are four main types of difficulties when learning to speak English:

• -    Psychological discomfort. Pupils, as a rule, because of the fear of making mistakes and criticism from the teacher, are shy to speak English, because speaking in contrast to other speech skills requires freedom and courage in front of the audience.

• -    "Nothing to say." Sometimes pupils have a problem-lack of thoughts, they cannot concentrate and express themselves in English.

• -    Use of the native language. Pupils sometimes resort to using their native language, due to the lack of sufficient vocabulary and an unnatural environment in communication.

• -    Unequal level of pupil participation. Some pupils speak well enough and prevail in the group, for some, it takes a long time to be heard and they say very

little or nothing at all. Therefore, working in large groups makes it difficult to learn how to speak. In addition to the above difficulties in learning to speak, there are also motivational problems: pupils do not understand the speech task, they are not involved in a collective discussion of the lesson topic, they are not interested in learning English, they do not maintain the required amount of communication time in English. Thus, overcoming difficulties in teaching the skill of speaking can achieve positive results.

Therefore, classes aimed at developing and improving speaking skills should be conducted in a comfortable atmosphere, where the teacher directs pupils (facilitate) and helps them experiment with the language. The question arises, what training methods should be used to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties? Analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature and generalization of personal pedagogical experience allow us to assert that for the development of speaking skills, it is necessary to use interactive and active teaching methods, which we understand as forms and methods that activate pupils ' mental and independent work, support attention and develop speech. In modern teaching methods, the interactive method of "discussion" is widely used for the development of speaking skills. The method of "discussion" is one of the most widely used techniques in teaching English, which is aimed at ways to organize joint activities of pupils, to discuss the problems posed by the teacher and find the right solution to a controversial issue.

Discussion in the generally accepted sense (from the Latin discussio-consideration, research) is interpreted as a way of discussing an issue by a group of people. Mastering the skills of conducting discussions will allow pupils not only to develop speaking skills, but also help pupils to speak at public events, international symposiums and conferences. This method of teaching can be successfully used if the teacher is familiar with the method of using them. Therefore, teachers should be familiar with the purpose, types, stages of discussion in the organization of the lesson, in order to achieve maximum efficiency and focus of teaching English.

Many methodologists note that the method of "discussion" is able to activate the speech-thinking activity of pupils, which contributes to the development of speaking skills and the ability to think in English. Therefore, pupils must not only be fluent in the language as a means of communication, but also be able to think in the language being taught. In the process of communication, they must interact directly with each other. In this regard, the use of the "discussion" method is important and necessary. The introduction of this technique at the initial stage of education will help to improve speaking skills and develop communicative competence, since in the first year pupils have different levels of training, motivation and abilities.

According to some researchers, the use of discussion during classes contributes to the effective creation of natural motivation of speech act in pupils, thereby stimulating them to creative expression, leads to an organic fusion of teaching conversational topics and the development of untrained speech. The type of discussion is spontaneous, free and organized. Today, the method of teaching English uses organized discussions, which are carefully prepared by teachers and conducted according to the rules on a specific topic of the lesson in a preestablished order. There are pair, group and team types of participation (forms of holding) discussions. For the development of speaking skills, it is advisable to use such forms of discussion as: Round table, Forum, Symposium, Debate, Court session, aquarium Technique, Brainstorming, and others. As for the stages of discussion, there are no uniform requirements, but, as a rule, there are 3 stages: introduction to the discussion (preparatory), discussion of the problem (main stage) and summing up (final stage). Summing up all the above, it can be stated that the method of discussion can be used in General to form the speaking skills of pupils of a language education.

Most importantly, to achieve this goal, teachers should carefully prepare the material taking into account the features of this method, the curriculum, the purpose of the lesson, and the topic. In addition, it would be advisable to build training cycles in stages in accordance with the level of language training of pupils basic skills of discussion (reasoning and argumentation). Using the "discussion" method in English classes makes it possible:

• -    to form both language and speech skills of pupils;

• -    to prepare a thinking and knowledgeable specialist who is ready for an open and constructive dialogue with colleagues not only from their own country, but also from abroad;

• -    teach pupils to create models of scientific research, decision-making models that they can apply not only in their professional activities, but also in everyday life, in the process of communicating with representatives of other cultures.