Regional Screening and Prevention of Gallstone Disease as a Basis for the Competency Development of Surgeons

Regional differences in the epidemiological structure of chronic diseases create heterogeneous requirements for preventive and surgical care. This necessitates the adaptation of physicians’ professional training to real clinical risks. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of regional screening and prevention of gallstone disease as a basis for competency development of surgeons within the postgraduate education system. A clinical, epidemiological, and organizational analysis of data from a regional population screening program conducted in Osh in 2007–2018 was performed. Age structure, risk factors, patient referral pathways, and preventive measures were compared with the structure of postgraduate surgical education. The results demonstrated predominance of hepatobiliary pathology with a high risk of severe forms (odds ratio 3.33; p<0.001). An exponential increase in complication risk after the age of 40 was observed (r² up to 0.5). Dispensary observation of group I patients showed high effectiveness (odds ratio 3.2; p<0.001). Integration of screening and prevention into surgeons’ professional development produced significant clinical and organizational effects.