The cardiovascular risk factors, genetic polymorphism of lipid metabolism, and arterial hypertension in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Aim: to evaluate the associations between polymorphisms of the APOA1 (rs670), APOA5 (rs662799) and ACE (rs4646994) genes and traditional risk factors for CHD in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 STEMI patients, admitted in the Kemerovo Cardiology Clinic for diagnosis and treatment, were included in the study. Blood samples for genotyping were collected at days 2-14. Clinical and demographic data, laboratory and instrumental findings were assessed. Data analysis was performed using the STATISTICA software (version 8.0; StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma) and the genetic calculators (GeneXpert) with the construction of different inheritance models. Results: Carriership of the T allele of the T-1131C APOA5 polymorphism was associated with the presence of myocardial infarction in anamnesis (OR=1.75, 95% CI=1.05-2.92, p=0.04), acute cerebrovascular events (cerebral vascular accidents) in history (OR=3.4, 95% CI=1.16-11.38, p=0.02), and diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=2.29, 95% CI=1.03-5.11, p=0.04). The A allele of the APOA1 gene had a protective effect against the presence of chronic heart failure (OR=0.32; 95% CI=0.14-0.73; p=0.01). Carriership of the I allele of the ACE gene was associated with the presence of angina in history (OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.08-2.26, p=0.02). Conclusion: Certain polymorphic variants of genes, involved in lipid metabolism and arterial hypertension ( APOA1, APOA5, ACE ), are associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors that can be used in further evaluation of the clinical severity of patients with STEMI.