Factors of occurrence and legal instruments for combating crimes that threaten state security

This article discusses the pressing issue of terrorism as a key threat to state security, emphasizing the urgency of combating this phenomenon in the current context. The author cites statistics demonstrating the increasing number of terrorist incidents, emphasizing changes in the geography and nature of the threat. A key topic is the involvement of youth in terrorist activities, driven by socioeconomic issues such as poverty and unemployment, as well as the widespread use of online recruitment resources. The article analyzes Uzbekistan's experience in combating terrorism, highlighting progressive legislative changes aimed at preventing terrorist acts. It points out that since the early 1990s, Uzbekistan has not only developed legislative measures to combat terrorism but also created a proactive model that imposes liability on citizens for failure to inform about potential threats. The examples provided compare the approaches of Uzbekistan and Russia on this issue, emphasizing Uzbekistan's proactive approach and Russia's more reactive approach. Effective counterterrorism requires a comprehensive approach, including legal regulation, socioeconomic measures, educational initiatives, and information management. Uzbekistan's experience demonstrates that such measures can significantly reduce terrorist threats and create conditions for citizens' social adaptation, making this approach more successful and effective. Thus, the main idea of this article is that a combination of proactive legislation and preventive measures aimed at addressing the population's social problems ensures a higher level of security and sustainable development in the fight against terrorism.