Features of modern approaches to teaching medical sciences

The modern development of information and communication technologies has had a significant impact on the formation of the pedagogical process at the university. The pedagogical process of a medical university has special specifics. The use of active forms of training in the teaching of medical disciplines is due to the fact that students should not only receive certain knowledge, but also be able to apply them in a specific practical situation. Electronic technologies are, first of all, active forms of training, which are now widely introduced into the learning process. Of great importance in enhancing the learning processes is the comprehensive and purposeful use of technical means, but the main thing in the educational process is the student’s activity, the desire to become a professional. Active methods cover all types of classroom activities with students.

Purpose: to summarize the experience of using modern interactive teaching methods at the Kursk State Medical University to build students' professional competence, with which it is possible to achieve a higher level of the educational process.

Tasks: training of modern specialists capable of skillfully applying knowledge in practical conditions. Material and research methods. In the course of the research work, theoretical and empirical methods were used, i.e. analysis and synthesis of the content of scientific sources corresponding to the topic and problems of research, methods of graphical presentation of information, as well as analysis of the effectiveness of classroom and extracurricular interactive forms of training used in the learning process of students of Kursk State Medical University.

Research results and discussion. The current trend in the strategy of vocational education is, first of all, the widespread introduction of active forms of training into the educational process, which cover all types of classroom and extracurricular activities with students. The semantic load of modern pedagogical training is mainly aimed at independent students' mastery of knowledge and skills in the process of active mental and practical activity .

In the classical version of training during lectures, practical and seminars, the main character was the teacher who builds the course of studying the topic, i.e. the topic of the lesson. The student is a passive listener. To monitor the level of knowledge in the classical form of training, such assessment tools as a theoretical survey, testing, solving situational problems, and individual tasks were used. The teacher had time constraints, i.e. for a certain time to consider the largest possible amount of training material. Currently, the task of higher education is not just the training of a specialist, but a highly qualified professional who is able to make decisions quickly and adequately in an unusual situation, combining practical activities with research work. The maximum achievement of the goal requires solving problems with the introduction of modern, latest forms of training at a medical university. A promising task of the university is the development and implementation of high technologies in scientific, pedagogical and clinical activities at all stages of professional education of doctors.

Modern electronic teaching methods in a medical university can improve the quality of education, since the use of active types of training, the latest educational technologies increases the activity and independence of the student in the study of the material. Interactive interaction promotes a personality-oriented approach in education, suggesting self-learning (collective, learning in collaboration), and both the teacher and the learner are subjects of the educational process. Various kinds of electronic technologies are included in the learning process. Today, a lesson in a medical university is structured as follows: along with the academic basic form, interactive options for submitting knowledge are used, such as electronic directories, electronic dictionaries, and electronic libraries. Both faculty and students use various search engines in preparation for classes. In the process of updating the material studied, the following interactive technologies are used: electronic presentations, online magazines, online resources on obstetrics and gynecology, obstetric and gynecological websites.

The widespread use of electronic educational resources in the educational process is an important segment of the medical university. For example, video and audio materials, multimedia technologies make it possible to more clearly reflect the content of sections of the material being studied. An in-depth study of thematic material at a medical university necessitates the use of modern electronic technologies to provide students with complete and free contact with extensive volumes of reference data, monitoring changes in the content of the material in accordance with new scientific achievements on a global scale.

Analyzing scientific sources, we can say that the development of innovative activity is an important area of modern world education. The innovative activity of the university is the introduction of new forms and methods of educational technology.

Electronic technologies used in distance learning are divided into three broad categories: non-interactive (printed materials or paper, audio, video), computer aids (electronic textbooks, computer testing and knowledge control, the latest multimedia), video conferencing - advanced tools telecommunications via audio channels, video channels and computer networks [14]. In the period from 2016 to 2018, presentations, testing are widely used in teaching, the percentage of organization of forums and newsgroups has increased (chart 2). There are several forms of distance learning through computer telecommunications: web classes (web forums, distance learning, conferences, seminars, business games, laboratory works, workshops); chat classes (use of chat technologies); newsgroups (using email) [15].In a medical university, distance learning has become increasingly widespread. So, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the FPO, it is practiced to study part of the lecture material, and even the whole course in the form of distance learning. This form stimulates the independent work of students, forms the skills of self-education, develops mobility and responsibility, which are necessary for modern specialists. Electronic technology enhances the student’s creativity. Distance learning is an opportunity to make the learning process more vivid and dynamic, it allows the formation of deeper knowledge. This type of training contributes to the creation of a single information and educational space through Internet technologies, direct and feedback of the teacher and student. Distance learning at a medical university is part of full-time education and refers to the type of independent work of students.At Kursk State Medical University, it has become traditional to use test computer control, which allows for an accessible form to provide a screening assessment of students' knowledge. To determine the digestibility of the studied material in the practical classes of the department, testing is proposed to determine the initial level of knowledge on this topic and at the end of the study. The results speak for themselves - the use of interactive forms of learning improves the quality and performance of students, which is reflected in the student ratings.

A characteristic feature of modern education is an individual approach to learning, motivation, activity, student independence. Features of modern medical education are an increase in the percentage of independent work in the learning process, the widespread use of interactive forms of training. One of the forms of independent work of a medical university can be simulation training -an important segment of education at a medical university. This teaching option is as close as possible to real practical situations, it is necessary for in-depth application of students' theoretical knowledge in practice. The use of these interactive methods along with the traditional form of training helps to improve the professional level on the basis of a constant expansion in the number of clinical situations, and develops logical and imaginative thinking.