Philosophy of language and the term «language» in the writings by Anton Marty

The article focuses on the concept of «language» and «philosophy of language», explains the notion of 'language' in the narrow and broad sense of the word. The article highlights the works of Anton Marty, the German linguist, dedicated to the language-related issues. Anton Marty in his scientific works calls as language «any sign of mental processes». The article analyzes the interrelation of philosophy of language, language studies and other sciences, compares the methods of Linguistics and philosophy of language. At the same time, it analyzes the difference of philosophy of language from other branches of Linguistics, in particular from the physiology of language or the history of language. Philosophy of nature is at the heart of the teachings of many philosophers. Language has two fundamental sides - sensually perceived, physical side of the sign and its meaning or its content. Philosophy of language is a part of Linguistics. The difference of philosophy of language and linguistics is in the absence of the same object and the use of different methods. The author draws conclusions about «reverse psychologism», understanding of «truth», «values», specific psychological nature, coexistence of psychology and natural science; describes the concept of «foreign experience»; addresses issues in philosophy of language, focusing on the common and natural language phenomena.