Philosophical cosmology of the ancient sages of the Proto-Indian civilization

The article is devoted to the influence of the culture of proto-Indian civilization on the formation of classical Indian philosophy. The study describes the surviving cultural heritage of the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro (III millennium BC), in particular, it reconstructs the doctrine based on cosmological images of the three-faced, buffalo-horned deity on preserved ancient print. According to scientists, this God is the patron of space and the Lord of time. He was the prototype of the God Shiva as the creator and caretaker of the cosmos in the philosophical works of the Upanishads (I millennium BC) and in the philosophical schools of Kashmir Shaivism (I millennium AD). In ancient philosophy, the idea of harmony of man and cosmos is illustrated in calendars. Therefore special attention is paid to the creation of the lunar, solar and public calendars by the sages of the proto-Indian civilization serving as grounds for the cosmological doctrines in Indian philosophy of later centuries.