Philosophical and Anthropological Ideas of Alexander Bogdanov: Science as a Tool for the Transformation of a New Person

The article delves into the philosophical and anthropological analysis of the concept of man in the philosophy of A.A. Bogdanov. The study focuses on Bogdanov’s understanding of science as a means of anthropotechnics – a constructive tool for shaping and transforming the human subject. Central is A.A. Bogdanov’s theory of tectology, viewed as a universal science of organization applicable not only to social structures but to the formation of the human as a systemically organized and self-developing being. The article reconstructs the ontological and anthropological foundations of A.A. Bogdanov’s thought, particularly his concepts of “living experience”, proletarian culture, and scientific cooperation. These are explored as mechanisms for generating a new type of subjectivity based on collective practice and cognitive integration. The research methodology combines philosophical-anthropological analysis, historical-philosophical reconstruction, and hermeneutic interpretation. A comparative framework assesses A.A. Bogdanov’s anthropological model in relation to the philosophies of Karl Marx and Ernst Mach. While retaining key Marxist principles, Bogdanov shifts the emphasis from socio-economic struggle to cultural and organizational transformation. Unlike Mach, A.A. Bogdanov advocates for a socially embedded, collectively constructed subject rather than an empirically minimal self. The article also explores how A.A. Bogdanov’s ideas intersect with contemporary debates in transhumanism, posthumanism, and techno-anthropology, highlighting both the progressive potential and the risks of viewing the human as a “project” of scientific and cultural intervention. The study concludes that A.A. Bogdanov proposes a project-oriented anthropology that clarifies science’s role in shaping human subjectivity and anticipates current philosophical discussions on human transformation under technological rationality.