Физиологические и патофизиологические предпосылки репаративного потенциала эпикарда

Автор: Тимофеев Е.В., Булавко Я.Э.

Статья в выпуске: 6 т.10, 2024 года.

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Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания и, в частности, инфаркт миокарда, занимают главенствующее место в структуре смертности и инвалидизации во всём мире. Отдалённые осложнения инфаркта - ремоделирование миокарда, хроническая сердечная недостаточность, нарушения ритма, аневризмы левого желудочка существенно снижают качество жизни больных, приводят к повышению уровня инвалидизации и к серьёзным финансовым затратам. Актуальным направлением медицины является поиск механизмов кардиальной регенерации после случившегося инфаркта миокарда. Предположение о регенеративном потенциале эпикарда основано на результатах прицельного изучения его свойств и характеристик. В процессе эмбриогенеза эпикард продуцирует большое количество мультипотентных клеток-предшественников, которые в дальнейшем подвергаются эпителиально-мезенхимальной трансформации. Эти клетки мигрируют в толщу миокарда и дают начало различным кардиальным типам клеток, в том числе - кардиомиоцитам. Эпикард участвует в синтезе паракринных факторов, которые обеспечивают рост коронарных сосудов, а также дифференцировку и развитие миокарда в целом. В основе разрабатываемых механизмов восстановления миокарда лежат различные способы стимуляции активности эпикарда по эмбриональному пути. В статье структурируется имеющаяся в настоящее время информация о репаративном потенциале эпикарда - физиологические аспекты в эмбриогенезе, а также его реакции на повреждение миокарда.

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Эпикард, стимуляция, инфаркт миокарда, цитокины, трансформирующий фактор роста, прогениторные клетки эпикарда, эпителиально-мезенхимальная трансформация, морфогенез сердца

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/14132271

IDR: 14132271 | DOI: 10.32415/jscientia_2024_10_6_37-49

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