Physiological mechanisms of neuroplasticity as a basis of mental processes and socio-professional adaptation (part 1)

The paper aims to summarize modern research dedicated to the physiological mechanisms of neuroplasticity, which considered to be the basis of mental processes and socio-professional adaptation. Analysis of literary sources allowed us to define neuroplasticity as the ability of the brain to adapt to internal and external circumstances through optimal structural and functional changes. The basis of neuroplasticity is a complex chain of events associated with neurogenesis and apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, changes in the electrical excitability of nerve cells, gene expression, and neuron-glial interactions. The first part of the review considers neuroplasticity as determined by molecular genetic factors that influence the structural and functional complexity of neural networks, the effectiveness of the integrative functions of the brain, social and professional adaptation, as well as resistance to pathological conditions. Informational and social environment, relations between members of a social group, cognitive and physical activity, new forms of behavior and professional knowledge affect the physiological mechanisms of neuroplasticity and increase the effectiveness of adaptation.