Physiological support of muscular activities at execution of special loads by swimmers of different genes

The study revealed significant differences in the reaction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as in the energy supply of muscle activity of male and female athletes when performing a special test (test 6*50). These differences persist during the emergency recovery period. An analysis of the correlation between the results of a special test and the indicators of the physiological systems of the body made it possible to determine factors that limit the level of physical performance of swimmers specializing in middle distances. In women, the main limiting factor in performing specific loads is the state of the cardiorespiratory system and its regulation system. In swimmers, the increase in physical performance is limited, to a greater extent, by the capabilities of anaerobic energy supply mechanisms. When developing training programs for athletes of different sexes, the physiological mechanisms underlying the long-term adaptation to specific physical activities should be taken into account. In particular, for male swimmers specializing in middle distances, at the special preparatory stage of the preparatory period, it is advisable to increase the share of special speed-strength exercises for developing the capacity and power of anaerobic processes. For women, the proportion of aerobic exercise in the training process should be increased to enhance the functionality of the heart-vascular system.