Formation the medical knowledge and health saving competences as the basis of optimization of life activity and life quality of the population

By means of the special program of medical-sociological analysis of medical knowledge, preventive activity, health and life quality of the population the medico-social factors influencing formation the medical knowledge of urban and rural population are studied. Justification the system of medical-preventive actions for increase the competence of urban and rural people in the sphere of health-saving is carried out. It is established that the level of medical knowledge is influenced by such factors as a sex, age, and education level. Persons with low level of medical knowledge had higher incidence. The inhabitants possessing the low level of medical literacy, more often and more long have chronic diseases. Persons with the high level of medical knowledge possessed more favorable characteristics by all types of activity and social and hygienic functioning. Formation of ideas of healthy lifestyle and receiving the main medical knowledge at rural and urban population mainly happens in the school and professional and educational period (59,6% and 61,9%). At city inhabitants deficiency of knowledge of healthy lifestyle principles (61,8±25,1%; 50,9±27,0% and 49,0±7,7% respectively) against sufficient knowledge of standards of hygiene and sanitation (100%; 99,6% and 98,9%). The volume of knowledge of rural population in the sphere of healthy lifestyle are higher (98,1±0,01%; 97,1±1,4% and 91,0±2,1%), than literacy degree in questions of personal hygiene and sanitation (95,8±0,2%; 93,6±0,3%; 90,9±0,8%). Insufficient level of medical-preventive activity, especially at man's part of the population, persons of the senior age groups and the contingent with secondary and primary education level demands strengthening the measures of educational character through the state system of formation the medical knowledge and increase the role of medics.