Thyroid diseases and new approaches for their treatment

The prevalence of thyroid diseases including autoimmune hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease), autoimmune thyroiditis, and different forms of thyroid cancer is increasing every year, while the effectiveness of their treatment remains low and is limited, mainly, to replacement therapy with thyroid hormones and surgical and radioisotope methods. This review presents the current state of the problem of pharmacological correction in thyroid diseases including new approaches to the regulation of the functional activity of the components of the thyroid hormone synthesis system in thyroid follicular cells, in particular, its initial, sensory component, the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Among the drugs that are currently being developed, it is necessary to focus on allosteric regulators of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, specific antibodies to it, as well as selective agonists of the β-isoform of thyroid hormone receptors.