Functional characteristics of cardiovascular system among qualified athletes from different sports depending on training load and exercise type

The objective of the study was to elucidate the effects of training load and exercise type on physical development and cardiovascular system (CVS) functioning in the qualified athletes from different sports. A total of 86 athletes with 5 to 15 years of training experience in biathlon, crosscountry skiing, wrestling, powerlifting, and volleyball were examined. The interrelations between the functional types, cardiohemodynamic parameters, and aerobic performance in athletes were determined in relation to intensity of static and dynamic exercises. Data of the study showed that the level of CVS adaptations was the highest among the athletes who trained for endurance combining vigorousintensity dynamic and moderate intensity static physical exercises (crosscountry skiing and biathlon) in comparison with the athletes who trained for strength, speed, and agility (wrestling and powerlifting). The workout sessions of wrestlers and powerlifters predominantly consisted of the highly static and lowintensity dynamic exercises. Our results suggest that the aerobic exercise workouts contributing to athletic endurance exert stimulating effects on the CVS functions and increase maximal oxygen uptake and athletic performance.