A functional analysis of stone tools from Bronze Age burials in the Baraba forest-steppe, based on findings from Sopka-2

Lithics from chronologically diverse burials at Sopka-2, the Baraba forest-steppe, Western Siberia, were subjected to experimental use-wear analysis. We selected relatively well preserved specimens, suitable for microscopic examination and representing cultures such as Ust-Tartas, Odino, Krotovo, etc. Wear traces indicate the function of tools and their place among the industries of the region. It was found that the tools had not been specially destined to be funerary items-they all display some wear and are well-suited for efficient use. Comparative characteristics of wear degree are proposed. At the early stages, stone tools had been placed only in female burials, but at later stages they were distributed among burials of females, children, and males. The findings provide a basis for a functional and morphological typology of lithics used during that period.