Genetic Resistance Determinants of Urals Coniferous tree Plants to the Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Factors

The Global warming processes and the large-scale impact of invasive species, such as the Ussuriysk polygraph, lead to the degradation of forest ecosystems and their biological diversity. The purpose of the research was to identify the genetic factors of the resistance of coniferous plant species to drought using the example of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and a hybrid complex of Norway and Siberian spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.–P. obovata Ledeb.) and to analyze the genetic determinants of the resistance of coniferous plant species to pathogens and phytophages in the Ural region of the Ussuriysky polygraph invasion and in the adjacent territories. 16 pairs of primers for the loci of adaptively significant genes of P. sylvestris and P. abies–P. obovata have been developed and tested. P. sylvestris associated with drought resistance; 97 and 110 polymorphic positions in the studied loci of the species, respectively, were identified. It was found that the studied species have an average level of nucleotide diversity in the region for both P. sylvestris (Hd = 0,662; π = 0,004; θW = 0,013) and P. abies–P. obovata (Hd = 0,761; π = 0,005; θW = 0,008). Loci have been identified whose polymorphism is potentially adaptive in relation to abiotic (drought resistance) and biotic (impact of pathogenic organisms) environmental factors, which are promising for further study. The polymorphism of the loci of adaptively significant genes associated with resistance to drought and the effects of pathogenic organisms and phytophages is recommended to be taken into account when assessing the state of the gene pools of populations of coniferous plant species in the research region.