Grammatical transformation of the gerund in cross-linguistic translation (based on the material of English and Kyrgyz languages)

This article examines the grammatical transformation of the gerund in the process of translation from English into Kyrgyz. The study is based on the typological, areal, and genetic differences between the two languages and aims to identify functional equivalents of the English gerund in Kyrgyz. The analysis draws on K.N. Kachalova’s classification of grammatical structures and includes specific examples of gerundial constructions and their corresponding forms in Kyrgyz. The study establishes that Kyrgyz does not have a direct grammatical equivalent of the gerund; however, its functions are realized through forms such as chakchyl, kyimyl atooch, and atoochuk. The morphological and syntactic differences between English and Kyrgyz underscore the challenges of adequately translating gerundial constructions, particularly in the context of idiomatic expressions and fixed phrases. The article emphasizes the necessity of a functional approach in conveying meaning and highlights the prospects for further research into non-finite verb forms and their role in cross-linguistic communication and translation. The findings may be of value in theoretical linguistics, translation studies, and English language teaching to Kyrgyz-speaking students.