Genetic resource characteristics in the population of dairy cattle in Omsk Region

The objective of the study is to analyze the genealogical structure of the Black-and-White dairy herd in the Omsk region. The pedigrees of 836 cows and the productivity of their ancestors were studied. The comparative screening of the genealogical structure of dairy cattle according to the data for 2015–2023 showed that the cows mainly belong to 4 lines of sires. The genealogical structure of the commercial herd of cows is characterized by the heredity of the following lines: Vis Back Ideal 1013415 – 66.1%, Reflection Sovereign 198998 – 17.7 % and Montvik Chieftain 95679 – 16.2 %. The best results are shown by female ancestors of imported selection of the lines Vis Back Ideal 1013415 and Reflection Sovereign 198998, the productivity of which was 13,140 and 13,340 kg, respectively. The superiority of the productivity potential of bulls of imported selection over bulls of the same stud lines of domestic selection was for the line Vis Back Ideal 1,013,415 + 4,637.5 kg, or 35.29 % (P < 0.01), for the line Reflection Sovereign – 198,998 + 6,747.5 kg, or 50.5 % (P < 0.01). Among the mothers of domestically bred bulls, the best indicators were demonstrated by representatives of the Sealing Trijun Rokit 252803 line; the mass fraction of milk fat in the group was 4.5 %, which is 0.45 % more than in the group of mothers of the Reflection Sovereign 198998 line of domestically bred bulls (P < 0.05). The productivity of female ancestors of imported bulls used in breeding and commercial herds exceeds the ancestors of domestically bred bulls by 35 % or more in terms of abundant milk production and by 1.2–1.42 % in terms of fat content. Genealogical analysis allows us to conclude that there is a vector for the development of dairy productivity in cows in a commercial en-terprise when siring Holstein bulls of imported and domestic selection. Since the descendants of the bull Vis Back Ideal 1013415 have a relatively low productivity potential compared to the successors of the Sealing Trijun Rokit 252803 line and there is a complete absence of it in the commercial enterprise, we recommend using the potential of this line to increase the genetic potential of the herd.