Surgical treatment of a patient with stent restenosis in the mouth of the general carotid artery and the proximal department of the internal carotid artery

The results of surgical intervention on a patient with stent restenosis at the mouth of the common carotid artery (CCA) and proximal internal carotid artery (ICA) are presented herein. In 2013, the patient underwent stenting of the CCA and ICA. One month later, the aortic valve was replaced with a mechanical prosthesis MedEng-23 (MedEng, Penza, Russia) and mammarocoronary anastomosis with an envelope artery was performed under extracorporeal circulation. After the intervention, the patient regularly received 3.75 mg of warfarin, and was under the observation of a cardiologist. In 2018, the patient suffered a transient ischaemic attack. Subsequent examination of the patient revealed sub-occlusion of the left subclavian artery and signs of vertebral-subclavian steal syndrome on the left, and confirmed patency of the mammarocoronary shunt in envelope artery. The patient underwent carotid-subclavian shunting using the BASEX (A.N. Bakulev National Medical Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia) (8-mm prosthesis. Nine months after the patient underwent carotid-subclavian shunting, 85% restenosis was observed in the stent of the left ICA using control multi-spiral computed tomography with angiography (MSCT AG). The patient also exhibited up to 94% restenosis of the stent of the left ICA, occlusion of the right ICA, and up to 81% stenosis of the proximal anastomosis of the carotid-subclavian shunt. The patient underwent surgery for the removal of the following: the stent from the ICA with endarterectomy from the CCA, ICA with arterial plastic patches from the xenopericardium and prosthesis on the left (8-mm Vascutek prosthesis, Vascutek Ltd., UK). The brain was protected by raising the patient's systemic blood pressure to 180/90 mm Hg. During the postoperative period, MSCT AG was performed to image the ICA. The MSCT Ag images indicated that the prosthesis was passable. Presently, no clear standards exist for achieving revascularisation in this category of patients. The present clinical case emphasised the requirement for the detailed observation of patients after reconstructive interventions in different arteries as well as the possibility of surgically correcting the revealed lesions.