Dostoevsky's poetic anthropology

Dostoevsky proposed a new conception of man in the world literature. Critics have described such psychological discoveries of the writer as irrationalism, dualism, and underground. Outside the field of the vision of the researchers, there were many aspects of his Christian anthropology. In his conception of man there are such essential concepts as the common pseudo-human (obshchechelovek) and the pan-human (vsechelovek). The common pseudo-human is a special type of Russian man that appeared after the reforms of Peter the Great. Unlike the British, the Germans, the French, who all maintain their nationality, Russian "common pseudo-human" strives to be anyone but Russian. Being a common pseudo-human is to be an abstract European without roots and soil. Vsechelovek is a rare word in the Russian language. Nikolai Danilevsky used this word with a capital letter to call designate Christ (1869). Dostoevsky used the word "pan-human without capitalization to denote a perfect Christian. It expressed the inner sense of his Pushkin Memorial speech. It was Dostoevsky who introduced the word "panhuman" in Russian literature and philosophy. Konstantin Teontiev did not understand the meaning of this word. He represented "the terrible, in his opinion, pan-human" as a common pseudo-human, European, liberal, and cosmopolitan. This mistaken substitution (obshchechelovek instead of vsechelovek) is typical for the Russian literary and philosophical criticism of the 20t h century. In Dostoevsky s eyes, each person is signed with the image of God. The verbs obrazit' (to restore the image) and obozhit' (to divinize) imply the restoration of the image of God and thereby the humanization of the person. To be Russian is to become pan-human (vsechelovek), Christian. Dostoevsky's hero carries all possible completeness of the Creator and the creation.