Implementation of the principles of activation electromagnetotherapy in experimental oncology

• 1    - Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Centre for Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russia., 2 - ANO VO "RosNOU", Moscow, Russia.

Introduction . Identification of an important mechanism of homeostasis associated with the existence of a periodic system of general nonspecific adaptational reactions of the body (AR) [1-3] as well as the study of the conditions for the development of the anti-stress AR of high levels of reactivity as the most favorable AR for an organism, allowed determining the requirements for the parameters of external regulatory actions, acting factors and regimes of their application. As a result, the principles of activation therapy (AT) were formulated: it is a treatment technology aimed at the physiological mobilization of the mechanisms of general nonspecific (including antitumor) resistance of the body. Among the AT factors, one of the leading places is occupied by electromagnetic radiation (EMR), which has a wave nature, to which the CNS structures as well as regulatory and metabolic processes of lower levels are highly sensitive [1, 3].

Activation electromagnetic therapy as a variant of AT involves the use of the following principles of AT:

• •a low intensity of acting factors;

• •    a change in the exposure during the course of AT in accordance with one of the regimes of AT (randomly, based on actual shifts in the leukogram, "by the exponent");

• • impact on the brain structures and sensitive areas of the body;

• • use of bio-effective frequencies;

• • use of low-frequency modulation of a high-frequency signal;

• • use of poly-frequency radiation;

• • application of the "double impact" regime with localization of EMR firstly on the CNS structures, and then on the tumor or peritumoral area;

• • complex (mixed or combined) use of EMR of different frequency ranges;

•combination of EMR exposure with metabolic therapy agents (“substrate support”).

The aim of the study was to explore the protective and antitumor potential of activation electromagnetic therapy in experiments in vivo.

Materials and methods . In the course of many years of research on laboratory tumor bearers, white outbred rats and linear rats (Wistar) and mice (C57Black), EMR of infra-low frequency (ILF), super high frequency (SHF) and extremely high frequency (EHF) ranges, as well as coherent and incoherent optical spectrum radiation were used by us in experiments [1, 3]. The experiments were carried out in mice with B16 melanoma and rats with transplanted tumors such as sarcoma-45, sarcoma M-1, ovarian tumor (ascitic form), Pliss lymphosarcoma, Guerin's carcinoma as well as with carcinogen-induced tumors. For poly-frequency factors in the ILF range as well as for amplitude and frequency modulation, signals with bio-effective frequencies (including the frequencies of Schumann resonances) and their corresponding multiple frequencies (0.03, 0.09, 0.3, 1.7, 3.4, 7.8, 15.6 Hz) and also some other bio-effective frequencies are applied. The microwave length EMRs (SHF, EHF) had bio-effective carrier frequencies of 1 GHz (the so-called "resonance radiation") and 42.2 GHz, previously identified by other researchers. In a number of experiments, complex (mixed or combined) actions and effects of EMR of various ranges were used: EMR SHF and EMR ILF, optical spectrum (coherent and incoherent radiation) and EMR ILF, as well as the combined effect of EMR EHF and pulsed electric fields, EMR EHF or EMR ILF and biologically active substances (vitamin-amino acid complexes "Aviton", salts of succinic acid). The ranges of power (energy) characteristics of the impacts were as follows: magnetic induction (in the case of EMR ILF) 0.001 - 100 mT, power flux density (in the case of EMR microwave or SHF) of 10^-3 - 10 mW / cm² / s. Impacts were provided with the use of equipment "Polyus", "Gradient", "Yav", "Ariadna", "Spectr", "Rikta", "SCENAR". To assess changes in the organs of the immune and endocrine systems and in the tumor tissue, methods of histology, histochemistry and electron microscopy were applied. The nature and the tension of AR were determined by hematological parameters [1-3]. In statistical processing we used the Student's, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Pearson's criteria (χ²).

Results . The application of the AT principles made it possible to significantly enhance the antistress effect of the used EMR that contributed to an increase in their antitumor and protective influence compared to the influences of the same factors in case of their use in other regimes (by a factor of 14 Cardiometry, Issue 24, November 2022

• 1.2–2.5, p <0.01–0.05). That was expressed in an increase in the percentage of the tumor growth inhibition, a decrease in the number of metastases (B16 melanoma) and the organs affected by a malignant process due to an infiltrative tumor growth (Pliss lymphosarcoma), an increase in the life expectancy of the animals, an increase in the rate of the tumor regression, etc. Moreover, in a number of cases, using activation electromagnetic therapy as the only antitumor treatment, in some animals (17-60%) it was possible to achieve partial and even complete regression of experimental tumors. So, some cases of complete regression of large tumors (4-6 cm³) and partial regression (by 40-50%) of tumors of larger size (10 cm³ or more), which were unresponsive to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, were noted in rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma. In case of experimental chemotherapy (sarcolysin, cyclophosphamide, thio-tef), activation electromagnetotherapy considerably mitigated the toxic effect of antitumor drugs that was manifested in a decrease in the occurrence rate and severity of leukopenia, an increase in the hemoglobin level, a significant weakening of signs of structural and functional disorders in the thymus, the spleen, the lymph nodes and the endocrine glands (the thyroid, the adrenal glands, the ovaries). The results of histological and histochemical examinations of the thymus and the spleen as well as histochemical and electron microscopic examination of the tumor tissue indicated the activation of intercellular interactions in the organs of the immune system and the tumor zone, and the appearance of signs of an increase in the degree of differentiation of malignant transformation cells.

Conclusion . The use of the AT principles in the electromagnetotherapy of tumor-bearing animals leads to a significant improvement in the multi-level regulatory relationships disordered by the malignant process that provides pronounced antitumor and protective effects in the animals with the experimental tumors.