Information Systems for Ecological Assessment of Vegetation Cover in Territories: a Review of Methods, Approaches and Technologies

This article presents a comparative analysis of information systems for the environmental assessment of vegetation cover, drawing on relevant publications and commercial solutions from 2017–2025. It examines data sources, observation tools, and associated processing procedures, including the calculation of vegetation indices and the application of machine and deep learning algorithms. The approaches are compared based on accuracy, scalability, training data requirements, implementation costs, and preparation time; the results are structured in a tabular form. Based on this analysis, three strategic classes of solutions are identified (multi-level integrated systems, specialized platforms, and cloud-based processing services). Furthermore, requirements are formulated for a modular hybrid (cloud-local) architecture, as well as for result verification procedures (including field validation and the computation of quality metrics).