The institution of liability for environmental offenses: systemic deficiencies and judicial practice

The complex nature of the institution of liability for environmental offenses is determined by the sectoral affiliation of the norms governing such relations. Ignoring the systemic rules of constructing the structural elements of this institution reduces the effectiveness of the main essential functions of liability. There is a need for a proper analysis of the correlation between public and private foundations of legal regulation of relations in the area of liability for environmental damage. There should also be an assessment of compensation for environmental damage as a sub-institution beyond civil law, taking into account the special properties of natural resources as public goods.