Indigenous tourism integration into ecological and economic system of protected areas: prerequisites, implementation (The case study of Kodar National Park)

The tourism development is viewed in the Russian Federation as a way to preserve the habitat and lifestyle of the indigenous minorities of the North, implying the creation of new sources of income and the provision of additional employment. Traditional economic activity, while remaining the core of the livelihood of the indigenous population, allows us to develop indigenous tourism (IT), which helps to satisfy the growing interest of domestic and foreign tourists in studying the ethnic culture of reindeer-breeding peoples. Expanding the protected areas network realizes through the creation of National Parks (NP), the protected areas with traditional nature use zones. The main goals of NP as protected areas are the preservation of unique natural complexes and sustainable tourism development, and they are consistent with the objectives of the socio-economic development of indigenous minorities. The process of IT integrating into nature conservation is considered through the example of the creation of Kodar NP in the north of the Zabaykalskiy Kray, the area of Evenki residence and traditional economic activity. The purpose of the article is to study the prerequisites and the implementation of the inclusion of IT in the ecological and economic system of protected areas, identifying prospects and possible risks that await reindeer households when involved in tourist activities. The results of the study show that the landscape diversity of the Kalarsky district, good transport accessibility of remarkable natural objects, and the preservation by the indigenous population of traditional economic activities contribute to the creation of conditions for the development of IT. In the future, its inclusion in the nature conservation activity of the park is intended to facilitate people's access to tourist facilities while preserving biodiversity, improve service and security, ensure the inflow of additional financial resources, stimulate the development of traditional crafts, and promote the development of a promising sector of the economy. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Program of the FSR of the SB RAS for 2017-2020 (Project XI.174.1.8).