The use of biological methods at microclonal reproduction of cultural grapes

The research objective was studying biological ways of increasing the quantity of planting material of grapes at reproduction of in vitro by modifying of nutrient mediums and the way of increasing of the quantity of seedlings for acceleration of selection process. In the experiment on the selection of t optimized nutrient medium for introduction of variety samples of grapes to culture of in vitro were used: grapes of the varieties (Krasnostop of AZOS, Augustine, Aligote, Kishmish 342, Riesling, Granatovy, Shasla × Berlandieri 41B, Berlandieri × Riparia CO4, Rudzhieri 140, Moldova, Barhatny, Cabernet Sauvignon, Attica, Berlandieri × Riparia Kober of 5BB, AZOS - 4), mineral, hormonal structure of environments, and also stimulators and regulators of growth of plants (6-BAP and GK3). The selection of optimized nutrient medium for introduction of variety samples of grapes to culture of in vitro on 90 pieces of explant was carried out according to the following scheme of experience: 1) control - modified nutrient medium of Murasige and Skuga (M1); 2) the M1 environment according to N. I. Medvedeva recipe (M2); 3) modified nutrient medium according to A.N. Rebrov’s patent. The results of studying biological ways of increase of the quantity of planting material of grapes are presented. The effect of biologically active substances (6-benzylaminopurine avoy and gibberellic acid) in nutrient media on the yield of grape varieties at the stage of micro-propagation was studied. At the first stage, when introducing the apical meristems of grape plants into the culture in vitro, the following media were used: Murashige and skuga, M1 according to the recipe of N. I. Medvedeva and modified according to the patent of A.N. Rebrov. It was found that the modified medium according to the patent of A.N. Rebrov had the greatest potential of grapes with the content of gibberellic acid in concentration of 0.1 mg/l. The survival rate of grape regenerant plants was up to 80 %, depending on the variety. On the 2-nd and 3-rd passages, the nutrient medium according to the patent of A.N. Rebrov was modified by adding 6-benzylaminopurine at the concentration of 0.35 mg/l and gibberellic acid at the concentration of 0.1 mg/l.