Research of the efficiency of extraction in different types of apparatus when using vegetable raw materials of shelf fungus, tick trefoil root, rose hips

The main raw material for the production of tinctures has always been and remains plant raw materials. The main production stage for obtaining tinctures and aromatic alcohols is the extraction process. Currently, a large number of designs of extractors for the "solid-liquid" system of periodic and continuous action have been developed. All of them differ from each other in terms of efficiency, energy consumption and applicability in a particular production. The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the influence of the structure of raw materials on the efficiency of extraction in equipment of various types. Objectives are to study the effect of equipment on the rate of extraction in the preparation of extracts from plant materials of various internal structures. To carry out the research, three types of raw materials were selected from different groups: rose hips, root of tick trefoil and shelf fungus. The most suitable and promising extractor designs are the Sokslet extractor; centrifugal extractor; rotary-pulsating apparatus. The main estimated indicator of the dry matter content in the obtained tinctures directly depends on the amount of raw materials loaded into the apparatus and the duration of the process. The results of the experiments showed that the Sokslet extractor is the most effective for the extraction of biologically active substances from the roots and rhizomes of plant materials. The centrifugal extractor and the rotary-pulsating apparatus show great efficiency, since they have a hydromechanical effect on any raw material. The most versatile apparatus is the rotary-pulsating apparatus, since during its operation the raw material is crushed to a size of 0.01 mm. As a result, the plant raw materials give the most complete target components with little time investment.