Studying the processes of the cooperative cinema emergence and its development during the period of «Perestroika»

The subject of the article is the study of the independent filmmaking processes emergence and its development of in the late 1980s - early 1990s. The article considers the issues of reforming the film industry, which led to the birth of cooperative cinema. The features of the work of the first film cooperatives, the organizational and economic aspects of their activities, management issues, and repertoire policy are investigated. The legal issues of the existence of film cooperatives, schemes of relations with investors, distribution organizations and other participants in the film process are being studied. The economic and political processes taking place in the period under consideration in the country and their impact on the film industry are analyzed. The article examines the process of gradual weakening of state regulation and control of the film industry, and as a result, the transformation of the film business from a public service at a huge film factory into self-motivated entrepreneurial activity, into the implementation of individual film projects. It is concluded that the granted creative freedom was used by filmmakers one-sidedly - as permissiveness without a sense of responsibility. This understanding has seriously shifted the channel of the film repertoire in a negative direction. The cinema of the perestroika era did not form an integral direction; it failed to clearly outline the contours of a new ideological and creative program. In the conditions of the collapsed USSR and the growing chaos for Russian cinema, a long phase of painful development began, a gradual exit from which was outlined after the new Russian state began to find the strength and means to provide cinema with gradually increasing support.