Change of cytocine levels under the influence of local cycloferon in integrated treatment of chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis

Objective: to study levels of cytokines in peripheral blood and the contents of the maxillary sinus in patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and their changes under the influence of local therapy using cycloferon. 94 people were observed. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n = 45) and the comparison group (n = 49). Each group was divided into two subgroups, depending on the duration of the disease - a prolonged course (up to 2 months) and continual course (2 months or more). All patients underwent radical maxillary sinusotomy and traditional medical therapy. In the main group in addition to traditional treatment cycloferon was administered locally. The study of cytokines in maxillary sinus of patients before starting treatment revealed discord in the cytokine profile: high concentration of receptor antagonist of IL-1 (IL-1RA), lymphokine IL-2, a major chemoattractant for neutrophils IL-8 at the lower levels of IFN-α and IFN-γ. Cytokine levels in serum prior to surgery have statistically significant difference from the control. We observed decrease in IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-α, IFN-γ and increase in IL-1RA, IL-2. In the main group by the end of treatment under influence of cycloferon in the discharge of the maxillary sinus statistically significant reduction in IL-1RA, IL-8 levels is observed. Level of IL-2 in the main group remained higher than in the control group, but significantly lower than in the comparison group. Also, in the main group by the end of treatment, the level of IL-1β, IFN-α, IFN-γ increased. In patients with chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis we noted dissonance in cytokine profile that indicated the chronic character of inflammatory processes and re mained the same during traditional therapy. Local administration of cycloferon affects the level of cytokines maxillary sinus only, not the whole system. Cycloferon activates the immune mechanisms of the maxillary sinus for the period of postoperative treatment, prevents complications and relapse.