Study of the fat extraction process from hibernating animals

The aim of research is to study the influence of temperature on the fat yield of hibernating animals when it is extracted by the dry method. The object of research is bear fat. The raw material was obtained from a male bear, about 6 years of age. The bear was hunted under license, the shooting was carried out in the Tisul District of the Kemerovo Region in December 2020. The color, smell, appearance of fat were determined in accordance with GOST 25292-2017; the mass fraction of moisture in fat - by the difference in the mass of the sample before and after drying it in a drying oven at a temperature of 103 + 2 °C in accordance with GOST 33319-2015; the amount of protein in the raw fat - by the potentiometric method (GOST 25179-2014); mass fraction of fat in raw fat - according to the Soxhlet method in accordance with GOST 23042-2015; the amount of ash in the raw fat was determined in accordance with MU 4287-86 by wet ashing in a muffle furnace at a temperature not exceeding 500 °C. The yield of the recovered fat was determined as a percentage of the weight of the raw fat. All experiments were carried out in triplicate, the results were processed statistically, the presented data stand for the average values of the obtained values, with due account of the experimental error. Fat was extracted by dry heating in the temperature range from 40 to 120 °C for 60-120 min using a stationary method with a 5 cm thick layer of raw fat. The fat yield essentially depends on the physicochemical parameters of the raw fat, especially on the amount of protein compounds that prevent the extraction of fat. An increase in temperature has a positive effect on the amount of extracted fat; at a temperature of about 120 °C, the maximum amount of rendered fat was obtained with the least dross mass. However, fat loss with dross is about 10 %, which is significant in the context of processing valuable scarce raw materials for hunting. In this regard, the search for new methods and means of intensifying the processes of extracting fat from hibernating fur-bearing animals remains relevant.