E. Ilyenkov and M. Heidegger: two approaches to the classical understanding of truth

The article attempts to compare two areas of research in modern philosophy. The first direction is focused on the categorical analysis of the achievements of human thought in the fields of natural sciences and humanities and is primarily associated with the work of E.V. Ilyenkov. The second direction is connected with the activities of M. Heidegger, who challenged the entire European philosophical tradition and posed new problems to philosophy that had not been in the sphere of its interests for many centuries. The «historicization» of the concept of truth undertaken by Heidegger became a kind of «battering ram» with which he began to free the philosophical constructions of his predecessors from misconceptions that were poorly realized within the classical tradition. The paper demonstrates the possibility of a «counter» critical analysis of Heidegger's concept of truth (ἀλήθεια) from the point of view of the classical «categorical appa ratus». Relying on the Platonic dialogue «Sophist», which is the most important for Heidegger, it is shown that the understanding of ἀλήθεια as non concealment contradicts the content of this dialogue. As a result of the thesis on the identity of a thing and its name, substantiated in the text of the dialogue, only «non oblivion» can be recognized as the only possible translation of the word ἀλήθεια, and this circumstance cannot but affect the results of criticism of classical philosophy on the basis of the approach chosen by Heidegger. The second part of the article shows that the concept of the ideal developed by E.V. Ilyenkov also makes it possible to problematize the content of the classical philosophical tradition. However, with this approach, it is not a question of abandoning the main provisions of the philosophical classics, but of their development on the basis of a consistent materialistic reworking of Hegel's dialectic.