Two-axis use effectiveness in spring barley varieties cultivation in the Krasnoyarsk region

The paper presents the results of field studies conducted in 2019-2021 on the experimental field of the Department of Plant Growing, Breeding and Seed Growing at the UNPK Borsky of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, located in the forest-steppe zone, as well as laboratory analysis data performed at the Research Testing Center for Quality Control of Agricultural Raw Materials of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. For research, we used varieties of spring barley included in the list of breeding achievements approved for use in the Krasnoyarsk Region and promising for use: Biom, Uvatskij, Zhihar', Emelya, Krasnoyarskij 91, Acha, Takmak, Olenek, Sobolek, Symbat, Zhan and NIIS-1 . The purpose of research is to study the effectiveness of the two-axis use of spring barley varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Region. The two-axis use was carried out as follows: in the phase of entering the tube, barley was mown for green mass, after the growth and maturation of the grain in the phase of wax - full ripeness, its yield was taken into account. The single-axis use, taken as control, is a classic technology for the cultivation of barley for grain, taking into account the yield in the wax phase - full ripeness. In terms of the hydrothermal coefficient, 2020 was excessively humid, 2019 and 2021 - insufficiently hydrated. In the conditions of the forest-steppe of the KrasnoyarskRegion, all the studied varieties of barley are able to form a second crop in the form of grain, which was 38.2-250 % of the yield of single-cut use. For the formation of an economically significant grain yield, sufficient moisture is required at the beginning of regrowth. Such conditions in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe develop almost annually. The passage of the development phases of barley during re-growth accelerates and ripening occurs later on average by 5-7 days, which is not critical for harvesting. The best varieties of barley for two-axis use were Krasnoyarskij 91and Symbat. A high collection of fodder units from the green mass was provided by the Krasnoyarskij 91variety - 13.9-10.8 thousand fodder u/ha, it was also the best in terms of the sum of fodder units of green mass and grain with two-axis use - of 19.6-16.3 thousand fodder units/ha Promising for two-axis use is the Symbat variety, which provided an increase in the collection of fodder units with two-axis of 10.62 thousand fodder units/ha