The effectiveness of basic tillage, herbicides and precursors in reducing crops, soil and grain infestation of spring wheat

The objective of research is to determine the general system of primary tillage, herbicides and predecessors for weed infestation of crops, soil and grain of spring wheat. Field experiments were conducted at the Minderlinskoye educational and experimental farm of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University on the experimental field in 2022 and 2023 in a grain-fallow-row crop rotation with the following crop alternation: green manure (mustard) fallow - spring wheat - barley - corn - spring wheat. The soil of the experimental field was represented by leached chernozem with high humus content. The layout of the experimental field includes options with moldboard cultivation (plowing to 20-22 cm) and without primary surface cultivation. Experimental data obtained over two years are presented. The vegetation period of 2022 was more moisturizing compared to the average data. Unlike the year, the vegetation period of 2023 was characterized as dry. In general, the amount of weed component with the addition of a tank mixture of herbicides was applied without plowing. In this case, the total number of weeds in spring wheat crops was 110-112 pcs/m2. In the variant with moldboard cultivation, the number of weeds varied within 56-74 pcs/m2. In the variant without primary tillage, a significant increase in the proportion of perennial weeds was noted compared to the variant with plowing. The introduction of a tank mixture of herbicides did not lead to a significant change in the ratio of biological groups of perennial and annual weeds. A positive role of green manure mustard fallow in reducing the degree of infestation of crops with perennial weeds and spring wheat grain with weed seeds was established.