Efficiency of fertilizers application at sunflower cultivation with the different seed sowing rates on typical chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia

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Influence of seed sowing rates, starter mineral fertilizer (N30P30, N60P60) and foliar application by a preparation Blago (0.5 liter per ha) on seed yield, oil content and oil yield in sunflower varieties and hybrids of the different maturity groups and the economic efficiency of the applied methods were studied on typical chernozem of the Western Ciscaucasia in 2013-2015. Seed sowing rates proved plant population 40, 60 and 80 thousand plants per ha. Varieties Buzuluk, Master (middle maturing), Umnik (early maturing) and hybrids Alians Trio, Legion (middle-early maturing) were used as objectives for the research. Ammonia nitrate and ammophos were applied at sowing; the dozes corresponded to N30Р30 or N60Р60. For foliar application organic-mineral fertilizer Blago was used in the phase of two-four pairs of true leaves; applied dozes 0.5 liter per ha, working liquid consumption is 400 liter per ha. Total sowing area of plot is 168 sq. m, accounted area - 84 sq. m. Cultivation technology is common for the region. Yield was treated to the standard10% humidity and 100% purity. Oil content in seeds was determined on the NMR-analyzer AMV-1006M. The results of recordings were estimated by the methods of mathematic statistics. Application of mineral fertilizers N30P30 and N60P60 locally during sowing causes the significant increase of yield in average on 0.15 and 0.30 t per ha, at the seeds yield in control equal to 2.77 t per ha and, does not influence significant changes in oil content. At the seed sowing rate 80 thousand seed per ha, the highest yield and oil content in seeds in trial was formed - 3.00 t per ha and 51.1%, respectively. The highest oil content in seeds was recorded for the varieties Master and Umnik - 52.8 and 52.6%, respectively. The highest oil content in the varieties and hybrids was formed at seed sowing rate 80 thousand seed per ha under application of the mineral fertilizers during sowing in dozes N30P30 and N60P60. Thus, it is economically reasonable to produce the variety Umnik, the hybrids Alians Trio and Legion, which allow getting the clear profit per a hectare at the level 59-63 thousand rubles at production profitability from 275 to 452%.

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Sunflower, hybrid, variety, agricultural technics, seed sowing rate, fertilizer, yield, oil content, oil yield, economic efficiency

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/142151365

IDR: 142151365

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