Electromyographic and biomechanical characteristics of the squat exercise in fitness

Relevance. The correct performance of the "squat" exercise is of particular importance due to its widespread use as part of various types of fitness and the mass character of this type of physical activity. Disagreements between specialists relate primarily to the load on the joints, the depth of squatting and muscle work. The resolution of such contradictions is possible only through a comprehensive myographic and biomechanical analysis, by studying the main indicators in various variants of the "squat". The purpose of the study: to study the electromyographic and biomechanical features of performing the "squat" exercise in various variants. Research methods. The study was carried out on the basis of the Department of Anatomy and Sports Medicine of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution KSUFKST and the "Orange fitness" club. The biomechanical and myo-graphic features of the squat exercise were studied under conditions of video shooting squats up and down at angles of45, 90 and 135 degrees. The results of the study. It was found that, when moving downwards without limiting the output of the knees in a "squat", along with an increase in the angle - 45-90-135°, there is a decrease in the number of muscles involved in maintaining balance. When moving up with knee restriction, the greatest muscle tone occurs in the rectus femoris and gluteus maximus. When performing a squat at an angle of 45 ° without restricting knee movement, there is more stress on the knee joint, with a restriction on the hip joint. When squatting at an angle of 90 ° without restricting knee movement, the load on the hip and knee joints is distributed almost evenly. When performing exercises with restriction, the hip joint experiences a lot of stress. When squatting at an angle of 135 ° in two versions of this exercise, the knee joint is more loaded.