Elements of productivity, selection of pairs for crossing, ecological plasticity of spring wheat varieties in the Vologda region

The article presents the results of studying the elements of productivity, ecological plasticity and stability of wheat varieties in the conditions of the growing seasons in 2018, 2019. Studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy on sod-podzolic soil. The Ladya and Zlata varieties showed the best productivity from seven tested variants. Their productivity exceeds not only the standard, but also other varieties. The Daria and Iren varieties have productivity elements at the same level, however, Daria has the smallest weight per plant - 1.34 g, it is on the second place in terms of the weight of 1000 grains (43.6 g) per plant due to the highest density of spike. The Zlata variety has the highest grain weight per plant and 1000 grain weight - 1.93 g, 46.5 g, respectively. This variety number of grains per spike corresponds to 41.5, and the number of spikelets is 16.3. The Trizo variety is distinguished by the number of grains per spike - 2.96 and by the number of grains per spike - 47.5, the mass of 1000 grains of this variety is minimal - 31.4 g. The Sudarynya and Trizo varieties are slightly inferior in this indicator. The lowest yield is observed in the Iren variety, which for 2 years of research amounted to 16.26 t / ha. The studied wheat varieties provided positive values of plasticity variation, that is, all varieties increased productivity with improved growing conditions. At the same time, the reaction of the studied varieties was ambiguous. The varieties Ladya, Sudarynya and Daria are characterized by the highest responsiveness, the coefficient of which corresponded to 2.05, 1.87 and 1.105. The varieties Ruso, Trizo, Zlata, Iren provided responsiveness less than one, the coefficient bi for the varieties was 0.63, 0.58, 0.42 and 0.22, respectively. The varieties Zlata and Iren have the lowest plasticity.